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OALib Journal期刊

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Bilateral Florid Papillomatosis of the Nipple: An Unusual Indicator for Metachronous Breast Cancer Development—A Case Report
Walid Sasi,Dibyesh Banerjee,Kefah Mokbel,Anup K. Sharma
Case Reports in Oncological Medicine , 2014, DOI: 10.1155/2014/432609
Abstract: Adenoma or florid papillomatosis of the nipple (FPN) is a rare benign disease which has histopathological features similar to those of a mammary papillary carcinoma. Here, we report a rare case of bilateral florid papillomatosis of the nipple and breast cancer, with a literature review. 1. Introduction Adenoma or florid papillomatosis of the nipple (FPN) is a rare benign disease which clinically resembles Paget’s disease of the nipple and has histopathological features similar to those of a mammary papillary carcinoma [1]. In this report, we discuss a rare case of bilateral florid papillomatosis of the nipple with unilateral breast cancer, followed by a brief literature review. 2. Case Report A 63-year-old Caucasian woman presented to our breast clinic with a cracked right nipple and a chronic yellow discharge for 1 year. She had a left side mastectomy with Latissimus Dorsi flap reconstruction 2 years ago for breast cancer. Histopathological examination of the left mastectomy specimen reported features of left nipple florid papillomatosis along with multifocal ductal carcinoma in situ with apocrine features and microinvasive changes. Twelve years prior to that, she had a benign cyst removed from her left breast. Her mother died of ovarian cancer. Findings on clinical examination were those of eczematous-like changes of her right nipple with crusting and nipple inversion. A yellow discharge could be expressed on examination and no palpable lumps were found in her right breast or either axillae. Her right breast mammogram showed heterogeneous glandular parenchyma which was unchanged compared to previous examinations. No new suspicious mammographic features were identified. The patient has subsequently undergone a major (total) duct excision with a specimen size of ？mm. Histology of the breast tissue included major nipple ducts in the breast tissue, several of which showed florid epithelial hyperplasia with papillary hyperplasia in some areas (Figure 1). Ducts expanded and occluded by solid sheets of cells with focal necrosis were also seen, with periductal fibrosis (Figure 2). Apocrine changes were focally seen (Figure 3). In the first 3 sequential slices, there appeared to be a fairly well-defined nodule suggesting a major duct (or nipple) adenoma. Immunostaining showed strong membranous staining with CK 5/6, indicating preservation of basal/myoepithelial layer (Figures 4 and 5). The features were those of a subareolar sclerosing duct papillomatosis (florid papillomatosis of the nipple). The presence of solid areas with central necrosis and similar
The Role of Magnesium in Superalloys—A Review  [PDF]
Kumkum Banerjee
Materials Sciences and Applications (MSA) , 2011, DOI: 10.4236/msa.2011.29168
Abstract: The role of magnesium (Mg) in improving the high temperature mechanical properties of the superalloys, like creep, fatigue, tensile ductility, impact toughness etc. have been vividly studied by several authors. On the other hand, very few authors have contradicted the view of any beneficial effect of Mg on the mechanical properties. This review presents a summary of the open literature related to the effect of Mg on the microstructure and mechanical properties of superalloys and from which further metallurgical research on the unexamined topics are proposed.
On the Theory of Topological Computation in the Lowest Landau Level of QHE  [PDF]
Dipti Banerjee
Journal of Quantum Information Science (JQIS) , 2011, DOI: 10.4236/jqis.2011.13017
Abstract: We have studied the formation of Hall-qubit in lowest Landau level of (LLL) Quantum Hall effect due to the Aharonov-Bhom oscillation of quasiparticles.The spin echo method plays the key role in the topological entanglement of qubits. The proper ratio of fluxes for maximally entangling qubits has also been pointed out. The generation of higher Quantum Hall state may be possible with the help of quantum teleportation.
Modeling Stress Intensity Factor of Rail Steel under Situation of Growing Fatigue Crack—A Novel Technique  [PDF]
Upamanyu Banerjee
Open Journal of Metal (OJMetal) , 2012, DOI: 10.4236/ojmetal.2012.23011
Abstract: Simulation of stress intensity factor as function of rolling contact fatigue cracks of railway tracks and the vehicle load is made with the help of COMSOL Multiphysics software. It is found that the critical stress intensity factor i.e. 41.6 MPa. m1/2 is reached at a stress level of 32 MPa and at the crack size 11.5 × 10-2 m.Noting the power law variation of acoustic emission count with increase in crack size (analogous to Paris Law), the simulation was further carried out to model the dependence of measured AE count with the stress intensity factor ahead of a growing RCF crack tip. It is demonstrated that AE measurement can be effective to trigger a control loop for avoidance of fatigue failure of railway track. In view of potential difference in the intensity of back scattered light from surface irregularities, a model is developed to find out the threshold intensity of scattered light that insures safety in the railway system against fatigue failure.
Workplace Identities of Women in the US Labor Market  [PDF]
Dina Banerjee
Sociology Mind (SM) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/sm.2013.31004
Abstract:

In this paper, I examine the effects of gender and race/ethnicity on American workers’ workplace identities. Literature on gender, work, and occupation suggests that gender and race are significant predictors of workers’ workplace identities. Literature also posits that self-perceived competency and reflected appraisals from others in workplaces also contribute considerably to workers’ workplace identities. However, there exists hardly any empirical study that explores the impacts of gender, race, workers’ self-perceived competency, and their reflected appraisals altogether on their workplace identities. That is what I accomplished in this study. Deriving the data from the National Study of Changing Workforce (NSCW: 2008) I ask: 1) Do women and men workers in America differ in their perceptions of workplace identities; 2) Do non-white and white workers in America differ in their perceptions of workplace identities; and 3) Do gender and race of the workers impact their workplace identities when self-perceived competency and reflected appraisals enter the equation? Analyses are based on quantitative methods. Results show that workers’ self-perceived competency and their reflected appraisals are more significant predictors of their workplace identities than gender or race.

 

The Method of Finite Difference Regression  [PDF]
Arjun Banerjee
Open Journal of Statistics (OJS) , 2018, DOI: 10.4236/ojs.2018.81005
Abstract: In this paper I present a novel polynomial regression method called Finite Difference Regression for a uniformly sampled sequence of noisy data points that determines the order of the best fitting polynomial and provides estimates of its coefficients. Unlike classical least-squares polynomial regression methods in the case where the order of the best fitting polynomial is unknown and must be determined from the R2 value of the fit, I show how the t-test from statistics can be combined with the method of finite differences to yield a more sensitive and objective measure of the order of the best fitting polynomial. Furthermore, it is shown how these finite differences used in the determination of the order, can be reemployed to produce excellent estimates of the coefficients of the best fitting polynomial. I show that not only are these coefficients unbiased and consistent, but also that the asymptotic properties of the fit get better with increasing degrees of the fitting polynomial.
An Unwonted, Pedagogic Case Report on Effort Thrombosis of Right Brachial Vein  [PDF]
Sayani Banerjee
Open Journal of Emergency Medicine (OJEM) , 2022, DOI: 10.4236/ojem.2022.101002
Abstract: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is one or more blood clots formed inside the deep vein in the body resulting in complete or partial blockage of blood flow through the affected vein. Upper Extremity DVT (UEDVT) accounts for 5% - 10% of all cases of DVTs. Previously it was thought to be a rare disorder. However in recent years with the advent of various indwelling intravenous devices, hypercoagulable state like COVID-19, secondary UEDVT did not remain infrequent presentation anymore. Though primary UEDVT, also known as Effort Thrombosis, that takes place without any underlying obvious pathology is a rare form till now. We presented a case of 46 years female who presented to the emergency with complaints of progressively increasing pain (7 days) and swelling (3 days) of her right forearm since last 7 days following strenuous and heavy work by her dominant/ right hand during the period of festival. She initially ignored her condition because of the Durga Puja festival. As her symptoms deteriorated she eventually had to attend the emergency department. Eventually an urgent ultrasonography color Doppler was done on emergency basis which diagnosed underlying DVT of her right brachial vein. She was managed with low molecular weight heparin, urgent fasciotomy owning to her impending compartment syndrome. Other tests ruled out any secondary underlying pathology. She improved and discharged without any complications on oral anticoagulant. Exigent events in her history were trauma followed by fall on her right elbow 2 months back and then presenting signs & symptoms commencing at the same region following strenuous, tedious activities over 7 days and consequential effort thrombosis of her right brachial vein. All of that compelled us to ruminate on rare differentials of her presentation and eventually come to this rare diagnosis. The author hence brought this pedagogic case to the readers, especially emergency & primary care physicians and emphasised the importance of being intuitive about rare but deadly differentials which come from proficiency & experience in the field of medicine.
Audit of Epilepsy Clinics in South East Thames: Are We NICE?  [PDF]
Somnath Banerjee, Sanjay Sahi
Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science (JBBS) , 2011, DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2011.12010
Abstract: Background: NICE has suggested that paediatric epilepsy services should undergo regular audit. An audit was done to gain a snapshot across South East Thames clinics. Method: Audit in South East Thames was conducted in 2010. Results: In 86.5% seizure classification and in 42.8% a syndromic diagnosis was made. cQT interval was calculated in 10.1% cases and 91.8% had an EEG. In 48.5% adverse effects of drugs were communicated. 41.3% were given information leaflets/directed to the appropriate website. In 70.7% developmental/academic progress was documented. 61% had a written care plan. 70.2% had the copy letter to parents/carers whereas it was sent to School & Child Health in 35.1%. 23.1% had access to specialist epilepsy nurse. Conclusions: This audit was a snapshot. The results showed that the care of children with epilepsy is consistent with the NICE guidelines in many aspects but patchy in the UK.
A Calcified Artery of Drummond, Could It Be a Sentinel Sign of Further Complications?  [PDF]
Shahe Boghossian, Arpan Banerjee
Surgical Science (SS) , 2012, DOI: 10.4236/ss.2012.39091
Abstract: Objective: To understand the role of the artery of Drummond in the elderly population. The artery plays a crucial role in the anastamosis between the inferior mesenteric artery and superior mesenteric artery. Its maintenance is particularly important for the survivability of the bowel in events of stenosis of either one of the native arteries; SMA or IMA. Method: A 94 year old lady presents with post-prandial abdominal pain and significant emaciation. The patient undergoes clinical and radiological investigations to find out the cause of her ailments. Results: Abdominal X-ray revealed a serpentine structure that was later defined as the artery of Drummond, CT scan revealed a calcified and enlarged artery of Drummond in addition to an occluded origin of SMA and celiac artery as well as a severe stenosis origin of IMA. Conclusion: The artery of Drummond was immensely hypertrophied and was supplying the entire bowel through the native IMA; subsequent occlusion of the IMA was the main cause that caused the demise of the patient.
Workplace Control: Women and Minority Workers in America  [PDF]
Dina Banerjee, Ying Yang
Sociology Mind (SM) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/sm.2013.33028
Abstract:

In this paper, we examine the effects of gender and race on American workers’ workplace control. Scholarship on gender, work, and occupation states that gender and race are important predictors of the extent of control workers exercise in workplaces. Literature also posits that job satisfaction and work-family conflict also contribute substantially to workers’ workplace control. However, there exists hardly any empirical study that explores the impacts of gender, race, job satisfaction and work-family conflict altogether on their workplace control. That is what we accomplished in this study. Obtaining data from the 2008 National Study of Changing Workforce (NSCW), we ask: 1) Do women and men workers in America differ in their perceptions of workplace control? 2) Do non-white and white workers in America differ in their perceptions of workplace control? And 3) Do gender and race of the workers influence their workplace control when job satisfaction and work-family conflict are considered? Analyses are based on quantitative methods. Results show that women perceive to have less control over their workplace as compared to men. Moreover, job satisfaction is a more significant predictor of their workplace control than work-family spillover.

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